Ekonomik Yaklasim

2017, Vol: 28, Issue: 105

28/105Current Issue Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Required files to uploaded

Original Research (Original Article)

Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2012; 23(83): 1-36

doi: 10.5455/ey.34096

FERTILITY, EMPLOYMENT AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKEY

�enay A�IKG�Z.

Abstract
<i></i>In the last two decades Turkish fertility rates have been steadily decreasing. This paper is an attempt to examine the effects of a change in fertility rates on population structure, labor supply, and employment in relation to physical capital stock for the next four decades. This study also evaluates the effects of a possible reversal change in fertility rates on the variables mentioned above. The study is carried out in three stages. In the first stage, population of Turkey is projected with Leslie matrix defined by age-specific fertility rates and survival rates. Projections are repeated for different fertility rates. In the second stage, physical capital stock per employed person is forecasted using time series data. In the third stage, the predictions obtained through the first two stages are combined. Thus, the question of what should be the warranted growth rates of physical capital stock in order to employ labor force projected under different fertility rates is answered. According to the results, increases in fertility rates lead to an increase in labor supply with a 15 year lag, even if fertility rates have remained unchanged in their current level. The physical capital stock growth rate that is necessary for the employment of the extra labor supply emanating from an increase in fertility rates is found to be at least 5 %. This was higher than the actual growth rate of physical capital stock realized in the last decade which was approximately 4 %.

Key words: Matrix population model, Leslie matrix, fertility, employment and physical capital stock. JEL Classification: J11, J21, C02, C22.

Do�urganl�k, �stihdam ve Sermaye Birikimi: T�rkiye i�in Bir Analiz

Ozet
T�rkiye�de do�urganl�k oranlar� son yirmi y�lda istikrarl� bir bi�imde azalma g�stermi�tir. Bu �al��mada do�urganl�k oranlar�ndaki de�i�melerin n�fus yap�s�, i�g�c� arz� ve fiziki sermaye stoku �er�evesinde istihdam �zerindeki etkileri �n�m�zdeki k�rk y�l i�in incelenmi�tir. Bu �al��ma do�urganl�k oranlar�nda olas� tersine bir geli�menin s�z� edilen de�i�kenler �zerindeki etkisini de incelemektedir. �al��ma �� a�amada ger�ekle�tirilmi�tir. �lk a�amada, T�rkiye n�fusu ya� s�n�flar�na g�re do�urganl�k oranlar� ve hayatta kalma oranlar� ile tan�mlanan Leslie matrisi arac�l��yla �ng�r�lm��t�r. �ng�r�ler farkl� do�urganl�k oranlar� i�in tekrarlanm��t�r. �kinci a�amada, �al��an ba��na fiziki sermaye stoku zaman serisi verileri ile �ng�r�lm��t�r. ��nc� a�amada, ilk iki a�amada elde edilen �ng�r�ler birle�tirilmi�tir. B�ylece farkl� do�urganl�k oranlar� alt�nda �ng�r�len i�g�c� arz�n� istihdam edebilmek i�in gerekli sermaye birikimi art�� h�z� ne olmal�d�r sorusu cevaplanm��t�r. Analiz sonu�lar�na g�re do�urganl�k oranlar� mevcut d�zeyinde kalsa da istihdam a��s�ndan as�l etki yakla��k on be� y�l sonra ortaya ��kmakta ve artan i�g�c� arz�n� istihdam etmek i�in gerekli sermaye birikimi y�ll�k ortalama art�� h�z�n�n en az y�zde 5 d�zeyinde olmas� gerekmektedir. �ng�r�len bu de�er incelenen d�nemde ger�ekle�en sermaye birikimi art�� h�z�ndan (yakla��k y�zde 4) daha b�y�kt�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: N�fus �ng�r� modeli, Leslie matrisi, do�urganl�k, istihdam ve fiziki sermaye stoku. JEL S�n�flamas�: J11, J21, C02, C22.

	ARTICLE TOOLS
	Abstract
	PDF Fulltext
	Print this Article
	How to cite this article
	Export to
	Export to
	Related Records
	Articles by �enay A�IKG�Z
	on Google
	on Google Scholar
	Article Statistics
	Viewed: 4499 Downloaded: 683 Cited: 0

REFERENCES

Allen, P. G., & Fildes, R. (2001). Econometric forecasting. In Armstrong, J. S. (Ed.), Principles of forecasting: A handbook for researchers and practitioners (pp. 303-362). Norwell, MA: Kluwer.

[Pubmed]
Angrist, J. D., & Evans, W. N. (1998). Children and their parents' labor supply: Evidence from exogenous variation in family size. The American Economic Review, 88(3), 450-477.

Barro, R. J., & Becker, G. S. (1989). Fertility choice in a model of economic growth. Econometrica, 57(2), 481-501.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1912563

Becker, G. S. (1960). An economic analysis of fertility. In Becker, G. S., Duesenberry, J. S., & Okun, B. (Eds.), Demographic and economic change in developed countries. Princeton: Princeton University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Becker, G. S., & Barro, R. J. (1988). A reformulation of the economic theory of fertility. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 53(1), 1-25.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1882640

Becker, G. S., Murphy, K. M., & Tamura, R. (1990). Human capital, fertility, and economic growth. NBER Working Paper, No. 3414.

Blanchard, O. (2003). Macroeconomics. 3rd Edition, London: Prentice Hall Business Publishing.

Caswell, H. (2000). Matrix population models, (2nd ed.), Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates.

Correa, H. (1965). Demographic aspects of savings, investments, technological development and industrialization (Reporter's Statement) Paper presented at the Department of Economics and Social Affairs of the World Population Conference, Belgrade, 30 August-10 September 1965. Vol 1. Summary Report. New York, United Nations, 1966; 303-304. (E/CONF.41/3).

Coskun, Y., 2002. Estimation of adult mortality by using the orphanhood method from the 1993 and 1998 turkish demographic and health surveys. (Unpublished Master Dissertation). Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ankara.

Demeney, P. (1965). Demographic aspects of savings, investment, employment and productivity Paper presented at the Department of Economics and Social Affairs of the World Population Conference, Belgrade, 30 August-10 September 1965. Vol 1. Summary Report. New York, United Nations, 1966; 297-303. (E/CONF.41/2).

Demeny, P., & Shorter, F. C. (1968). T�rkiye'de �l�m seviyesi, do�urganl�k ve ya� yap�s� tahminleri, �stanbul: Sermet Matbaas�.

Dickey, D., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimates for autoregressive time series with unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(June), 427-431.

Elliot, G ., Rothenberg, T. J ., & S tock, J . H . (1996). Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root. Econometrica, 64, 813-836.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2171846

Faaland, J. (1966). Demographic aspects of savings, investments, technological development and industrialization (Moderator's Statement) Paper at the United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs of the World Population Conference, Belgrade, 30 August-10 September 1965. Vol 1. Summary Report. New York, United Nations, 1966; 297-303. (E/CONF.41/2).

Galenson, V., & Leibenstein, H. (1955). Investment criteria, productivity and economic development. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(3), 343-370.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1885846

Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. (2009). Turkey demographic and health survey 2008-preliminary report. The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (T�B�TAK)-Support Programme for Research and Development Projects of Public Institutions, Ankara-Turkey

Hinde, A. (1998). Demographic methods, London: Arnold.

Hoppensteadt, F. C. (1992). Mathematical methods of population biology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kalemli-Ozcan, S. (2002). Does the mortality decline promote economic growth?. Journal of Economic Growth, 7(4), 411-439.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020831902045

Kang, H. (1986). Univariate ARIMA forecasts of defined variables. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 4, 81-86.

Kennedy, P. (2003). A Guide to Econometrics (5th ed.). Cambridge-Massachusetts: The MIT Press.

Keyfitz, N., & Caswell, H. (2006). Applied mathematical demography (3th ed.). New York: Springer.

K�rkbe�o�lu, E. (2006). Construction of mortality tables for life insurance sector from the 2003 Turkey demographic and health survey. Unpublished Master Dissertation), Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ankara.

Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C. B., Schmidt, P., & Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the null of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root: how sure are we that economic time series have a unit root?. Journal of Econometrics, 54, 159-178.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(92)90104-Y

Leff, N. H. (1969). Dependency rates and saving rates. American Economic Review, 59, 886-895.

Leslie, P. H. (1945). On the use of matrices in certain population mathematics. Biometrika, 33, 183-212.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/33.3.183

[Pubmed]
Leslie, P. H. (1948). Some further notes on the use of matrices in population mathematics. Biometrika, 35, 213-245.

Lopez, A. D., Ahmad, O. B., Guillot, M., Ferguson, B. D., Salomon, J. A., Murray, C. J. L. & Hill, K. (2003). Life tables for 191 countries for 2000: data, methods, results. In Murray, C. J. L. and Evans, D. B. (Ed.), health systems performance assessment: debates, methods and empiricism. (pp. 335-354) Geneva: World Health Organization.

[Pubmed]
Poot, J., & Jacques J. S (2001). The macroeconomics of fertility in small open economies: a test of the becker-barro model for the Netherlands and New Zealand. Journal of Population Economics, 14, 73-100.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050160

Preston, S. H. (2001). Demography: measuring and modeling population processes, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.

Renshaw, E. (1991). Modelling biological populations in space and time, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511624094

[PMC Free Fulltext]
Sayg�l�, �. & Cihan, C. (2008). T�rkiye ekonomisinin b�y�me dinamikleri, Yay�n No. T�S�AD-T/2008-06/462, �stanbul: Graphis Matbaa.

Shone, R. (2001). Economic dynamics: phase diagrams and their economic application, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Shorter, F. C., & Macura, M. (1983). T�rkiye'de n�fus art�� 1935-1975: do�urganl�k ve �l�ml�l�k e�ilimleri, Ankara: Yurt Yay�nevi.

Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1884513

Solow, R. M. (1957). Technical change and aggregate production function, a contribution to the theory of economic growth. Review of Economics and Statistics, 39, 312-320.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1926047

Tobin, J. (1967). Life cycle saving and balanced economic growth. In: W. Fellner (Ed.) Ten Economic Studies in the Tradition of Irving Fisher (pp. 231-256), Wiley Press.

Toros, A. (2000). Life tables for the last decade of XX. century in Turkey. The Turkish Journal of Population Studies. 22, 57-110.

Turkish Statistical Institute. (2008). Death Statistics, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/VeriBilgi.do.

Turkish Statistical Institute. (2010). Statistical indicators: 1923�2009, (Publication No. 3493), Ankara: TSI Printing Division.

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2008), World Fertility Patterns 2007, Retrieved from www.unpopulation.org, Updated version for the web, March 2008.

Wang, P., Yip, C. K., & Scotese, C. A. (1994). Fertility choice and economic growth: theory and evidence. The Review of Economic and Statistics, 76(2), 255-266.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2109880

Worldbank. (2008). World development indicators [Data File]. Retrieved from http://devdata.worldbank.org/query/default.htm. (Access Date: 17.09.2008).

How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Senay ACIKGOZ. FERTILITY, EMPLOYMENT AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKEY. Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2012; 23(83): 1-36. doi:10.5455/ey.34096

Web Style

Senay ACIKGOZ. FERTILITY, EMPLOYMENT AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKEY. http://www.ekonomikyaklasim.org/?mno=34096 [Access: August 15, 2018]. doi:10.5455/ey.34096

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Senay ACIKGOZ. FERTILITY, EMPLOYMENT AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKEY. Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2012; 23(83): 1-36. doi:10.5455/ey.34096

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Senay ACIKGOZ. FERTILITY, EMPLOYMENT AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKEY. Ekonomik Yaklasim. (2012), [cited August 15, 2018]; 23(83): 1-36. doi:10.5455/ey.34096

Harvard Style

Senay ACIKGOZ (2012) FERTILITY, EMPLOYMENT AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKEY. Ekonomik Yaklasim, 23 (83), 1-36. doi:10.5455/ey.34096

Turabian Style

Senay ACIKGOZ. 2012. FERTILITY, EMPLOYMENT AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKEY. Ekonomik Yaklasim, 23 (83), 1-36. doi:10.5455/ey.34096

Chicago Style

Senay ACIKGOZ. "FERTILITY, EMPLOYMENT AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKEY." Ekonomik Yaklasim 23 (2012), 1-36. doi:10.5455/ey.34096

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Senay ACIKGOZ. "FERTILITY, EMPLOYMENT AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKEY." Ekonomik Yaklasim 23.83 (2012), 1-36. Print. doi:10.5455/ey.34096

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Senay ACIKGOZ (2012) FERTILITY, EMPLOYMENT AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKEY. Ekonomik Yaklasim, 23 (83), 1-36. doi:10.5455/ey.34096

Most Viewed Articles

Uluslar�n D�� - G��, Zenginlik ve Yoksullu�un K�kenleri
Why Nations Fail - The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty [Turkish]
G�n�l D�N�ER
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2014; 25(93): 65-76
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.35517

DOSTOYEVSK�'N�N �KT�SAD� YAKLA�IMI VE �KT�SAD� AKLIN ELE�T�R�S�
Dostoevsky�s Approach to Economics and Critique of the Economic Man [Turkish]
Ceyhun G�RKAN, Mustafa �Z��
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2012; 23(82): 99-128
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.20004

B�T�E A�IKLARININ CAR� ��LEMLER DENGES� �ZER�NE ETK�LER�: �K�Z A�IKLAR H�POTEZ�N�N T�RK�YE A�ISINDAN DE�ERLEND�R�LMES�
Effects of Budget Deficit on Current Account Balance: Analysis of Twin Deficits Hypothesis in Case of Turkey [Turkish]
Metin BAYRAK; �mer ESEN
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2012; 23(82): 23-49
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.20001

T�RK�YE'DE KAMU SEKT�R� B�Y�KL�� VE EKONOM�K B�Y�ME �L��K�S�N�N AMP�R�K ANAL�Z�
An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Public Sector Size and Economic Growth in Turkey [Turkish]
�mer Faruk ALTUN�, Celil AYDIN
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2012; 23(82): 79-98
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.20003

B�Y�ME: NEY�N B�Y�MES�? �ktisadi B�y�meye �li�kin Ele�tirel Bir De�erlendirme
GROWTH? GROWTH OF WHAT? A Critical Assesment of Economic Growth [Turkish]
Mustafa DURMU�
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2012; 23(83): 37-68
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.34097

T�RK�YE EKONOM�S� ��N NAIRU TAHM�N�
NAIRU Estimation for the Turkish Economy [Turkish]
�zlem Y��T; Atilla G�K�E
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2012; 23(83): 69-91
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.34098

T�RK�YE�DE 1994, 2001 VE 2008-9 EKONOM�K KR�ZLER�N�N KAR�ILA�TIRMALI ANAL�Z�
ECONOMIC CRISES IN TURKEY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FAILURES IN 1994, 2001 AND 2008-9 [Turkish]
Oktar T�REL
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2010; 21(75): 27-75
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.10704

Orta Gelir Tuza��ndan ��k��
Rise from Middle Income Trap [Turkish]
Yusuf Kurto�lu
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2014; 25(90): 71-90
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.35313

�LER�YE D�N�K YEN� KEYNESYEN PARA POL�T�KASI REAKS�YON FONKS�YONUNUN TAHM�N�: TAYLOR KURALI�NIN, MCCALLUM KURALI�NIN, TAYLOR-MCCALLUM MELEZ KURALI�NIN T�RK�YE EKONOM�S�NDE GE�ERL�L��
Estimation of New Keynesian Monetary Policy Reaction Function: Availability of Taylor Rule, McCallum Rule and Hybrid Taylor-McCallum Rule in Turkish Economy [Turkish]
Hakan Naim ARDOR, Serdar VARLIK
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2013; 24(89): 45-71
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.35302

K�RESEL GIDA KR�Z�: ��NC� GIDA REJ�M�, K�RESEL SERMAYE VE GEL��MEKTE OLAN �LKELER
Global Food Crisis: The Third Food Regime, Global Capital and The Developing Countries [Turkish]
Sibel �A�KURLU
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2012; 23(Special): 161-194
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.20011

Most Downloaded

K�resel Dengesizlikler ve Kriz Tart��mas� I��nda Cari Denge ve Sermaye Hesab�n� Anlamak
Understanding Developments in Current Accounts and Financial Flows in Light of Discussions on Global Imbalances and Recent Crises [Turkish]
Hasan C�mert, G�ney D�z�ay
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2015; 26(96): 59-90
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.35901

Tarihsel D�n��m Sorunu
English Title Not Available [Turkish title: Tarihsel D�n��m Sorunu] [Turkish]
Aziz KONUKMAN
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 1980; 1(2): 136-147
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.10017

Merkez Bankas� D�viz Rezervlerinin Belirleyicileri: T�rkiye �rne�i
Determinants of the Central Bank Foreign Currency Reserves: The Case of Turkey [Turkish]
Emek Asl� C�NEL, Nebiye YAMAK
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2014; 25(93): 21-38
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.35515

Orta Gelir Tuza��ndan ��k��
Rise from Middle Income Trap [Turkish]
Yusuf Kurto�lu
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2014; 25(90): 71-90
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.35313

Cinsiyet Temelli Olarak Ayr��m�� g�c� Piyasas� ve �al��ma Ya�am� Tercihleri: T�rkiye�den Kan�t
Gender Segregated Labor Market and Work-Life Preferences: Evidence from Turkey [English]
Meltem �NCE YEN�LMEZ
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2014; 25(93): 1-20
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.35514

T�rkiye'de B�lgesel Ekonomik Aktivite: Yeni Ekonomik Co�rafya Yakla��m�
Regional Economic Activity in Turkey: A New Economic Geography Approach [English]
Mehmet Burak TURGUT
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2014; 25(93): 39-63
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.35516

Most Cited Articles

T�RK�YE�DE B�REYSEL EMEKL�K S�STEMݒNDEK� C�NS�YET FARKLILIKLARININ ANAL�Z�
An Analysis of Gender Gaps in the Private Pension Scheme in Turkey [English]
S. Cihan BOZKU�, Adem Y. ELVEREN
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2008; 19(69): 89-106
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.10677
Cited : 4 times [Click to see citing articles]

EV SAHiBi �LKE A�ISINDAN YABANCI SERMAYE YATIRIMLARINI ETK�LEYEN FAKT�RLER VE T�RK�YE �ZER�NE B�R UYGULAMA
English Title Not Available [Turkish Title: EV SAHiBi �LKE A�ISINDAN YABANCI SERMAYE YATIRIMLARINI ETK�LEYEN FAKT�RLER VE T�RK�YE �ZER�NE B�R UYGULAMA] [Turkish]
Filiz Elmas �ZA�
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 1994; 5(12): 63-77
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.10174
Cited : 3 times [Click to see citing articles]

T�rkiye�de Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemi: Toplumsal Cinsiyet�i Bir Yakla��m
THE INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM IN TURKEY: A GENDERED PERSPECTIVE [English]
�ule �AH�N, Helga RITTERSBERGER-TILI�, Adem Yavuz ELVEREN
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2010; 21(77): 115-142
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.20039
Cited : 3 times [Click to see citing articles]

[T�rk�e Ba�l�k Yok]
TOURISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TURKEY [English]
J�lide Y�ld�r�m �cal, Nadir �cal
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2004; 15(52-53): 131-141
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.10503
Cited : 3 times [Click to see citing articles]

GCC PETRODOLAR FAZLALI�I VE ABD CAR� A�IK DENGES�ZL��
GCC PETRODOLLAR SURPLUSES AND THE US CURRENT ACCOUNT IMBALANCE [English]
Shawkat HAMMOUDEH, Ramazan SARI, Eisa ALESIA
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2009; 20(73): 39-54
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.10695
Cited : 2 times [Click to see citing articles]

�K�Z A�IKLAR H�POTEZ� (T�RK�YE UYGULAMASI)
English Title Not Available [Turkish Title:�K�Z A�IKLAR H�POTEZ� (T�RK�YE UYGULAMASI)] [Turkish]
Ahmet ZENG�N
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2000; 11(39): 37-67
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.10335
Cited : 2 times [Click to see citing articles]

�stihdam, �ktisadi B�y�me ve ��g�c� Piyasas� Performans�: T�rkiye �rne�i
EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF TURKEY [English]
Alparslan AK�ORAO�LU
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2010; 21(77): 101-114
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.20038
Cited : 2 times [Click to see citing articles]

�hracatta �e�itlenme: T�rkiye�nin Yo�un ve Yayg�n Marjlar�
EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION AND COMPETITIVENESS: INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE MARGINS OF TURKEY [English]
Seda EKMEN, G�zin ERLAT
Ekonomik Yaklasim. 2013; 24(88): 35-64
» Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ey.35201
Cited : 2 times [Click to see citing articles]

This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition of open access. The articles in Ekonomik Yaklasim are open access articles licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

Copyright � 2018 Ekonomik Yaklasim All Rights Reserved. Subject to change without notice from or liability to Ekonomik Yaklasim. For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome	Contact Information

Contact Information